Friday, June 28, 2013

Film #153: HUSBANDS (John Cassvetes, Peter Falk, Ben Gazzara...and...)


I have, of course, been a John Cassavetes fan since I first saw 1968's groundbreaking Faces in the late 80s. I then had to track back and see 1975's A Woman Under the Influence (starring the stunning Gena Rowlands and Peter Falk).  I still think that's the guy's best movie, though I nearly equally love his initial effort, 1959's Shadows (which, it's incredible to say, is arguably the first indie production, at least as far as we see the label now).  I also adore 1979's Opening Night (which might have more to say about Cassevetes' dangerous work methods than any other of his films), 1976's The Killing of a Chinese Bookie (with the sublime lead performance from Ben Gazzara), and 1971's Minnie and Moskowitz (with Rowlands and frequent Cassavetes collaborator Seymour Cassell).  But Cassavetes' 1970 film Husbands might have more to say about the man, and his his fellow thieves Falk and Gazzara, than any of his other works.  With most of Cassavetes' films, I feel it's completely fruitless to talk about them.  One must only experience them (and I think the filmmaker and his collaborators would agree...I mean...whaddaya gonna talk about?).   So, first...here's the trailer for Husbands:



And now here is something extraordinary: a confluence of the film and of TV, with Dick Cavett hosting his first 45-minute show (after doing only 30 minute shows before, because 60s TV execs couldn't conceive of a longer late night talk show--minus Johnny Carson--surviving the experiment--they couldn't even fathom a talk show going all the way to 60 minutes).  Cavett's guests?  Cassevetes, Gazzara, and Falk (who has some terrifically honest moments towards the end), who were all on stage to ostensibly promote Husbands but also--to Cavett's surprise--were also there to upset the extremely stodgy 60s talk show stance (which Cavett was fighting against anyway).  Cavett, with his erudite stand-up ways, shows his dauntless chops for over 20 minutes, putting up with their wild antics (and I think these guys really wanted to initiate Cavett into their group--they seem to clearly love him, and his wit, even though they want to destroy the talk show ethos--and who knows...maybe Cavett was in on the joke..).  Nevertheless, a discussion definitely begins at the 19 minute mark (for those who are impatient). In the meantime, we see many pratfalls, a walk-off, a walk-on, uncomfortable silences, stunning dramatics (Gazzara looks, sometimes amazingly, as if he's in a movie throughout), and, in all, unmatched and often unbearable television which, ultimately and gladly, comes to illustrate (straight) male affection for other males (something that is rarely seen nowadays on film).  This kind of thing would never be seen on today's TV, much less on today's movie screens.  The power for this, on so many levels, has been lost and now, actually, cannot even be conceived of:




Film #152: BLAZING SADDLES


My first solid memory of Blazing Saddles--a movie that absolutely shaped my view of movies--came upon its 1974 release, when my young eyes paid note to its dazzling one-sheet. The film‘s rustic logo was set upon a background that reflected the film‘s unique structure. There was its hero, Sheriff Bart (played by a dauntless Cleavon Little), riding a rearing steed, wearing incongruous mirrored sunglasses while a silvery boom mike hovers overhead. This image was backed by an Indian nickel featuring Mel Brooks, the film’s co-writer, co-star, and director, as a war-painted Native American (a role many Jewish actors filled in the Western genre’s heyday). Around the edges of the coin ran the words “Hi, I’m Mel. Trust Me.” Even though I didn’t grasp all of its implications, the colorful chaos of this ad sent my movie-loving mind into a tailspin, and I had to know more.
But, generous as my parents were about taking me to any movies I wanted to see at the drive-in, they never gave in to my request to see this one--perhaps because of its R-rating but most probably because of my mother’s abject dislike of almost all comedies. It would be years until I finally saw Blazing Saddles properly projected in widescreen 35mm, probably on a double bill with Brooks’ twin 1974 hit Young Frankenstein or maybe with his 1976 film Silent Movie (both of which I also love). This first REAL viewing insisted on my adoration of the film’s underappreciated photography, sound, art direction and location work (aspects that are usually lost on pan-and-scan TV prints).

Blazing Saddles literally burns up the screen upon its arrival, as the Warner Brothers logo is cremated and replaced by the film’s moniker. On the soundtrack appears the first of the film’s many musical injections, a perfectly suited--and resolutely arch--ballad sung by western icon Frankie Laine (“Band of Gold”) and written by the film’s mastermind Mel Brooks, in collusion with his most valuable scoring partner John Morris (who also provided music for Brooks’ Young Frankenstein, and perhaps most importantly, David Lynch’s The Elephant Man, which Brooks produced). Despite this pretty standard opening, Brooks’ film instantly guns down the western genre by pointing out the inherent racism that infects it (this is a thing that keeps so many in the 21st century from enjoying westerns, often wrongly, and I implicate Tarantino in this lineup). It opens upon a railway being built by train of Chinese and black workers; one Chinese worker collapses with exhaustion, resulting in the film’s first laugh line: “Dock that chink a day’s pay for nappin’ on the job.” Nearly all the racist jokes in Blazing Saddles highlight the revolting disregard the buffoonish whites have for not only non-whites, but for non-Americans, too (even the film’s black lead, Cleavon Little, utters racist Hispanic and Germanic jokes).

It’s here we should note the film was co-written by Brooks along with Norman Steinberg, Alan Uger, story writer Andrew Bergman (who went on to pen such great farces as Fletch, The In-Laws and The Freshman) and, perhaps, most importantly, Richard Pryor, whom I suspect delivered the movie’s most incendiary jokes. Still, you can see the team collaborating on the film’s first display of insanity: the smooth singing of Cole Porter’s “I Get a Kick Out of You.”  The song is invoked when a red-necked cowpoke (vigorously played by 70s-movie-mainstay Burton Gilliam) requests a “nigger work song” from the largely black workforce. This culminates most ridiculously not in the Porter song, which is beautifully arranged a capella, but by a suggested alternative--a version of “Camptown Ladies” sung and ridiculously performed by a bunch of arm-waving, hip-thrusting cowboys whose embarrassing display of unmanliness results in the arrival of the film’s first outlandishly committed and unlikely supporting player.


“What in the Wide Wide World of Sports is-a goin’ on here? I hired you people to get a little track laid, not to jump around like a bunch of Kansas City faggots.” With this, Slim Pickens, a real-life rodeo star who graduated into westerns, and then into comedies as diverse as Kubrick’s Dr. Strangelove and Spielberg’s 1941, punches his way into the movie and then has a follow-up line that climaxes with him being smashed on the noggin with a shovel: “Send a wire to the main office and tell them I said OW!” and dutifully, his goofy second Gilliam scribbles the message down—“Main office, tell them I said ‘ow’…gotcha.”

The superb screenplay then jets to another setting: the frilly office of Hedy (that’s Hedley) Lamarr. Harvey Korman, who was in 1974, one of TV’s biggest stars as part of The Carol Burnett Show, absolutely nails it as the effete, ruffle-shirted villain who sets this movie’s never bothersome plot into motion. In so many comedies, especially these days, plot gets too much screen time and overcomes the laughs. Blazing Saddles should be screenwriting-class material in ensuring that this never again happens. Yes, the film trades on familiar old western tropes, but even when it’s overexplaining its plot turns, as it does joyfully in its third act, it always remembers to keep these moments fun (this is thanks to the film’s energetic supporting cast of character actors, whom we’ll examine shortly).

The introduction of Hedley Lamarr reveals one of the most vivid aspects of Blazing Saddles: its utter disregard of time and place. This is maybe a joke that’s lost on present-day audiences, but Hedy Lamarr was best known as the sexy Austrian actress who appeared in Algiers, Boom Town and Samson and Delilah.  Headley’s insistent anger at being called “Hedy” is still riotously funny to me, just as it was when I was a young film buff who vaguely knew who Hedy Lamarr was. Blazing Saddles stands not only as an American film that bravely pioneered smashing the fourth wall, but also as a movie with scads of references in its arsenal. Jesse Owens, Easy Rider, Cabaret, Busby Berkely, Bugs Bunny, Randolph Scott, Cecil B. DeMille, Howard Johnson’s, “Have a Nice Day’’--all make appearances here. It is, in that way and in many others, the forefather of  Airplane!, Top Secret, Hot Shots, Scream, Scary Movie, and scads of other movie-spoofing comedies that have come in their wake…not to mention many of Mel Brooks’ subsequent directorial works (only Brooks’ The Twelve Chairs and his most unfortunately neglected Life Stinks reject the spoof mode, with his Oscar-winning The Producers choosing to spoof the stage rather than the screen).


Korman’s first scene in the movie introduces his snarling, expertly coiffed villain, but it also reinforces Slim Pickens’ silliness as his ass-whomping cohort, who shrinks at Hedley’s admonishments but is nevertheless later seen attentively scrubbing Hedley’s back as Korman sits soaking in a bubble bath, pining for the comfort of his treasured squeaky frog. Their relationship is decidedly home-erotic, a theme to which Blazing Saddles returns to occasionally, and a theme which even something as beautifully serious as Ang Lee’s Brokeback Mountain approached nearly thirty years later: that is, what did female-deprived, and only presumably straight, cowboys do for emotional and physical relief out on the trail? Is this a question that also killed the western genre, simply because it was a query too uncomfortable to answer for the genre’s largely straight fans?

The unhinging of genre is furthered, briefly yet strongly, by the introduction of a very minor character: a hunchbacked, chain-mailed town hangman straight out of a British-tinged Basil Rathbone movie. This character’s appearance was the moment where I, even as a know-it-all 12-year-old, knew I was in uncharted yet fascinating territory. But here in this scene is where dangerous exposition comes into play, but the film still skirts being boring. Hedley looks into a law book, seeking how to steal the valuable town of Rock Ridge--which stands in opposition to the railroad’s progress--from its homestead owners (a Western cliché right out of something even as recent as Leone‘s Once Upon a Time in the West). Looking in a thick law book for a solution, Hedley’s fingers lead him to “Land snatching…land, land…see snatch.” And here another introduction is made: sexual and linguistic vulgarity. This was a first in ‘70s mainstream comedy filmmaking, and we’ve been feeling the reverberations, for better or (much more often) for worse, in the comedy genre ever since. Even Brooks himself, in films like Spaceballs and History of the World, Part One relied on smutty jokes too much for his audience reactions. But audiences reacted nonetheless, and there we have it. Still, Brooks himself was never more bawdily clever than in Blazing Saddles and in his most regal comedy Young Frankenstein.

Subsequently, we get another song: “Rock Ridge,” written wholly by Mel Brooks, as a narrative that introduces the troubled town, complete with punctuational comic stuntwork and the film’s first breaking of the fourth wall (“Have you ever seen such cruelty?”). The scene culminates with the song being vulgarly wrapped up as a hymn in the local church, where the whitebread, inbred population attempt to rally their forces against the bushwhackers trying to drive them away. This scene reveals more of the film’s astounding supporting cast, which includes John Hillerman as Howard Johnson (Paper Moon, Chinatown), Liam Dunn as Reverend Johnson (Papillon, What's Up Doc?), and David Huddleston (Bad Company and, most famously, Jeffrey Lebowski in The Big Lebowski) as Olson Johnson. In addition, you have Jack Starrett as gibberish-spewing Gabby Johnson (“Hey, the sheriff is a ni—BONG!”), newcomer and Detroit Lions tackle Alex Karras as the dreaded Mongo and, as Harriett Van Johnson, Carol Arthur gets one of my favorite laughs as a meek schoolmarm addressing the congregation with a surprising brazenness that waylays the congregation most brilliantly. Plus we get the director himself in three curt roles: as the leader of the Sioux nation, as a very briefly seen airplane pilot, and as the cross-eyed Gov. William J. Le Petomaine. This distinctly vaudevillian character, with the bold white letters GOV.on the back of his long-tailed jacket, is a blustery fool with wild interest in bloviating (“I didn’t get a ‘harumph’ outta that guy”) and tit-worship (“You mad bitch, you”). It’s the governor’s desire for political ladder-climbing that allows for the appointment of Bart as the new sheriff of Rock Ridge, and therefore nearly puts the town into Hedley Lamarr’s greedy hands.


And here--HERE--comes perhaps Blazing Saddles' most historically significant contribution to film. Here is a movie that’s made by a white filmmaker, but also is instantly invaluable to the black identity in movies. Cleavon Little’s sexy, appealing, funny, smart, forgiving Bart is always one step ahead of the white audience, and his white co-stars, and thereby ends up hopping from a hangman’s noose to riding a steed through the countryside, astride a Gucci saddle and decked out in slick brown suede bedecked by a silver star, backed by the brassy sounds of the Count Basie Orchestra. Bart encounters Basie himself soon after his close-up, and gives a knowing soul handslap to the Count, as if to say, “Hey, ain’t it great? We’re both pioneers!” It’s a beautiful moment, their meeting; it has wings. Mel Brooks’ film, which at the time of its release, became the #1 top grossing western of all time, is the first (and nearly only) western to feature a black man as its lead. And though Little’s performance is comically rubbery and physical, he also makes for a helluva majestic Western hero (and does so by firing only one shot from his gun).

The film follows with my favorite scene: Rock Ridge residents have gathered to await their new sheriff, with Hillerman’s Howard Johnson practicing his welcome speech. “As honorary chairman of the welcoming committee, I offer you this laurel…and hardy handshake.” This might be my favorite joke in the movie, but once again, it’s one I surmise might be also lost on future generations. Certainly, if we take a peek at the film’s movie poster, with the brilliant W.C. Fields-inspired tagline “Never Give a Saga an Even Break,” we must realize that so much of Brooks’ winking humor comes from his forebears—those comedy stars of the '30s that surely lead him to TV comedy, writing for Sid Caesar's Your Show of Shows, alongside such bright lights as Carl Reiner and Woody Allen. I have to say now that I think it’s a universal alignment that, at the time I’m writing this piece, Mel Brooks has recently been awarded the American Film Institute's Lifetime Achievement. I should say here that, past 1978’s Hitchcock spoof High Anxiety, I’ve been disappointed with Brooks’ cinematic output. But with everything from TV's Get Smart to The Producers to, with a long hiccup, Life Stinks, I am resolutely a fan. I adore his most of his work, but moreover I adore his persona: his devotion to his late wife Anne Bancroft, his unfailing humor everywhere he appeared, and ultimately his ability to bound from TV (he won Emmys for his TV work with Sid Caesar) to records (he was famous for his Grammy-winning ‘60s work with Carl Reiner on The 2000 Year Old Man) to shorts (his mid-'60s work with Ernest Pintoff on The Critic resulted in an animated short film Oscar) to stage (his 2002 stage adaptation of The Producers resulted in a record number of Tonys). To me, Mel Brooks is a steely hero.


Little’s first statement as sheriff--“Excuse me while I whip this out”--may be Blazing Saddles' most quotable quote, and the scene gets more riotous as it goes along. But in the interest of keeping things fresh for those who haven’t seen the film, I will henceforth try to keep the film’s best lines to myself…and so I‘ll attempt to only mention what I further love about the film. I love Gene Wilder as the laconic, hopeless Waco Kid, whose appearance ensures hope for the future of black/white relations (his interplay with Little is wonderfully cozy). I love Madeline Kahn, who was nominated for an Oscar for her portrayal of the gravelly-voiced, Marlene Dietrich-flavored Lily Von Schtupp, “The Teutonic Titwillow” (God, how I giggle it when she entreats visitors with “Wilkommen, bienveneu, velcome, come on in.“). Von Schtupp is employed by Hedley Lamarr to seduce Bart but instead falls madly in love with the shewiff (“It’stwue, it’s twue…”). Her stage song warbled to the randy cowboy audience, also written by Brooks, is called “I’m Tired,” and should have been nominated for an Oscar along with his title theme to the movie. Consider these lyrics:

I'm tired
Sick and tired of love
I've had my fill of love
From below and above
Tired, tired of being admired
Tired of love uninspired
Let's face it, I'm tired
I've been with thousands of men
Again and again
They promise me the moon
They're always coming and going
And going and coming
And always too soon

Couple this with Kahn’s floppy, yawning, leggy performance, ultimately alongside a chorus line of Kaiser-helmeted WWI Germans who cart her exhausted body offstage, and you have an unforgettable screen portrayal that rivals her role as Peter Boyle’s Elsa Lanchester counterpart in another Mel Brooks movie, Young Frankenstein which, truly amazingly, arrived the same year as Blazing Saddles. (Outside of Coppola, also on fire in ‘74 with The Conversation and The Godfather Part II, has any other American filmmaker--save maybe Steven Soderburgh with Oscar-nominated turns in Erin Brockovich and Traffic in 2000, achieved such an astonishing one-two hat trick in the space of a year?)


And then there’s that farting scene. I despise flatulence humor, but the superb comedy sound work in Blazing Saddles makes this famous moment work, as does Pickens disgusted reaction. Finally, in its third act, the movie begins to gleefully implode. This first happens with an unexpected collaboration between the racist township and Bart’s mostly black but still diverse former rail mates (Huddleston has the great and truthful bargain: “We’ll give land to the niggers and the chinks, but we won’t take the Irish”), and then with the bold underlining that all we’ve seen before is pure artifice. This begins with townspeople, in order to fool Hedley Lamarr’s wranglers (“Go do that voodoo that you do so WELLLLLLL!”), agreeing to Bart’s outrageous plan to build a fakey façade of Rock Ridge, its main street littered with brush and bobble-headed townspeople cutouts.

Then, finally, we get into that thing that truly blew my eight-year-old mind: Cowboys, in midfight, with the camera panning over to Burbank, California studios, and zooming in on a set where Dom Deluise is snippily directing a chorus line of gay, tuxedoed male dancers performing yet another Mel Brooks song called “The French Mistake”:

Throw out your hands!!
Stick out your tush!!
Hands on your hips
Give ‘em a push!!
You'll be surprised
You're doing the French Mistake!!
VOILA!!

When the brawling western cast literally busts down that fourth wall and invades the musical set, it’s just comedy at its most surreal and delightful (I smile at how the cowpokes can’t bring themselves to really hurt the nancy boys). And, finally, when the film reaches its climax, outside Grauman’s Chinese Theater, with Hedley—a villain to the end—trying to use a fake student I.D. to get a discount ticket to see the end of the movie THAT WE ARE WATCHING…well, can I just say that for me, this sealed the deal. Seeing Blazing Saddles at twelve years old was love at first sight. I still look at its comic machinations today with astonishment. I don’t think anything like Blazing Saddles or, surely, Young Frankenstein will ever be made again, mainly because there will never be anyone as tasteful and tasteless, and trustworthy, as Mel Brooks.


Tuesday, May 7, 2013

A Goodbye to the Superhuman Ray Harryhausen (1920-2013)


He was, simply, one of the finest and most singular artists--of any medium--to hail from the 20th Century; absolutely no one could match him.   No one.   Ray Harryhausen, who remained kind and giving to every single one of his fans up until his recent passing, laid his deft hand onto almost every stage of special effects history.  He was a sculptor first, an animator second, a director and producer third.  With his toned eye and his careful hand, he was one of cinema's unqualified marvels.  If there were a true Olympic medal for athletic moviemaking, along with stuntman Yakima Canutt, he might very well be its only winner.  He was an utter superman, moving steadily at a second's fraction. 

Horror's three stooges: (from left to right): Ray Harryhausen, Famous Monsters of Filmland publisher Forrest J. Ackerman (peeking through), and Ray Bradbury.

Ray began shaping his individual style of stop-motion animation (which is, for those who do not know, frame-by-frame manipulation--24 times a second--of wire-framed, latex-coated puppets, in order to create the illusion of their actual movement) after meeting his predecessor, the great Willis O'Brien (the genius behind the effects for 1925's The Lost World and 1933's original King Kong).  O'Brien acted for a short time as Harryhausen's caring mentor and then, after a stint in the WWII effort--as a film loader working under Colonel Frank Capra!--Harryhausen was off to aid on George Pal's Oscar-winning Puppetoons shorts, where he honed his craft as one of Pal's many assistants.  I can't be sure of his work on Jasper Derby, since he isn't credited, but given the 1946 time frame, it seems likely he threw in on this one:



Harryhausen soon moved on to creating his own animated short films, based on classic works by Aesop and the Brothers Grimm.  This series of shorts (which include the stories of The Tortoise and the Hare, King Midas, Hansel and Gretel and Little Red Riding Hood) is astounding even today; their smoothness and lack of many aspects fans associate with Harryhausen's works (read: monsters) are surely staggering.  Take a look, for instance at Harryhausen's work on The Story of Rapunzel, which not only reveals his aptitude for extremely expressive animation and character design, but also for vivid, inventive direction:



Harryhausen's first major feature film work was certainly memorable: He collaborated with Willis O'Brien on 1949's truly unique Mighty Joe Young, injecting a vivacious personality into the charismatic mini-Kong.  Though King Kong is obviously the groundbreaker, I always felt more deeply for Mr. Joseph Young, who was so much sweeter and funnier than the insanely horny Kong (he's especially clever and friendly in his more intimate scenes with lead Terry Moore).  In this famous clip, you get to see Harryhausen learning how to incorporate, through extraordinarily convincing matte shots, the real with the unreal (the effects earned movie veteran O'Brien a well-deserved Oscar):



And then there is the distinctive finale, in which Joe tries to save his best friendfrom a flaming building.  I kind of love the red tint here (and I don't know, but don't think, it was something that was conceived as part of the original film):



Although Ray Harryhausen was tapped to do a movie called The Monster from Beneath the Sea, the studio ran into a stumbling block in that they had stolen the concept from pioneering science-fiction writer Ray Bradbury, who had crafted a magazine piece called The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms.  So, in response, the studio bought that story, too, to avoid legal problems.  This confluence proved to be a wonderfully fateful meeting of two great minds: Bradbury and Harryhausen.  They would remain dear friends until Bradbury's death in 2012 (also at age 92--the same age that took Harryhausen from us).  With 1953's The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms, Ray set the template for his later works in his revolutionizing the blending of filmed footage of actual people and locales with his ridiculously superb stop-motion work.  Here, I have, side by side, examples of Harryhausen's stultifying efforts on both Beast and the subsequent 1955 production It Came From Beneath the Sea (where the monster was changed to a shiny-tentacled, extra-giant octupus).  Can you imagine how amazed 50s-era moviegoers were by this stuff?  Hell, it's still amazing to this day:





To quote a perfect passage from Wikipedia: "It was on The Beast From 20,000 Fathoms that Harryhausen first used a technique that split the background and foreground of pre-shot live action footage into two separate images into which he would animate a model or models so seemingly integrating the live-action with the models. The background would be used as a miniature rear-screen with his models animated in front of it, re-photographed with an animation-capable camera to combine those two elements together, the foreground element matted out to leave a black space. Then the film was rewound, and everything except the foreground element matted out so that the foreground element would now photograph in the previously blacked out area. This created the effect that the animated model was 'sandwiched' in between the two live action elements, right into the final live action scene.  Most of the effects shots in his earliest films were done without resorting to expensive and time-consuming optical printer work. Harryhausen's careful frame-by-frame control of the lighting of both the set and the projector dramatically reduced much of second generation degradation common in most usage of back-projection. His use of diffused glass to soften the sharpness of light on the animated elements allowed them to match the soft background plates far more than Willis O'Brien had achieved in his early films, allowing Harryhausen to match live and miniature elements seamlessly in most of his shots. By developing and executing most of this miniature set wizardry himself, Harryhausen saved money, while maintaining full technical control to achieve a variety of superior and convincing special effects techniques."

1956 saw the release of two more Harryhausen masterpieces.  In the extremely unusual Earth Vs. The Flying Saucers, his monsters became simple flying saucers, wreaking havoc on Washington DC.  This remains some of his most exceptional work, because it relies not on monsters, but on technological demons as acting villains.  Plus, in an a plucky fashion, he dramatizes the somehow joyous destruction of the USA's most treasured monuments and buildings, including the Washington Monument (my favorite moment, with its collapsing bricks and the dazzled saucer) and the crumbling Capitol Dome:



In the same year, he again collaborated with Willis O'Brien (who was, at this point, too elderly to complete the task alone) to craft the epilogue to Irwin Allen's 1956 documentary The Animal World.  I see this as kind of a color redo of Willis' epochal dinosaur work on 1925's The Lost World (this must have been a thrill for Harryhausen to participate in; imagine working side by side with your own idol!):



The following year, 1957, Harryhausen created the Ymir, maybe his first notable and certainly his first namable creation, both feared and tortured by humans in 20 Million Miles to Earth:



All of this experience led to Harryhausen's development of his own process, called Dynamation (or sometimes, SuperDynamation).  This would be his claim to fame for the rest of his career.   He was a champion at matching the lighting of a filmed scene with actors along with the stop-motion effects work he toiled at while the move was in production.  I counsel the reader to remember: it's Harryhausen that not only sculpted every one of the characters to be seen hence, but his fingerprints are literally on every single move they make, as well as on the stories, direction, and conceptualization of every film.  This stuff was the CGI of its day.  In fact, I posit that the very concept of CGI would not be possible without Harryhausen's works, starting with his first color feature film, 1958's The 7th Voyage of  Sinbad, where he dallied first (but certainly not for the last time) with a beautifully reanimated skeleton:



1960 brought The Three Worlds of Gulliver, particularly illustrious because it includes little stop motion work but instead focuses in on Harryhausen's ability to combine two worlds at once: the minature and the seemingly gigantic:



And then 1961 featured Harryhausen's work on the nominal sequel to Jules Verne's 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea.  Entitled Mysterious Island, it had our heroes shipwrecked on a rock that contained huge chickens and such, including a massive crab that became one of Harryhausen's most treasured creations.  In watching these clips, I am reminded of the remarkable, instantly recognizable lighting style of not only the effects, but of the movies themselves:





Strangely, Wikipedia (which I am using as a reference here, though the efforts of its multiple contributors are confusing me) seems to skip over Harryhausen's true masterpiece.  1963's Jason and the Argonauts is resolutely astounding, not for anything else than for his effects, for which it became a cult movie that many returned to again and again (I can remember first seeing it at a drive-in in the mid-1970s, upon a re-release that garnered many fellow afficianados).  The movie itself--like all of the films Harryhausen worked on (you really spend your time WAITING for his work)--really acts as a delivery device for his sorcery.  And, though his beautiful (and somehow tragic) Cyclops, giant golden statue Talos, wing-flapping Harpies and six-headed Hydra are each breathtaking in Jason and the Argonauts, absolutely none of his contained work is more fussy than this: Jason and posse's spirited battle with seven bloodthirsty skeletons.  For me, as an adult and as a gobsmacked kid, the bones inside my own body would never be the same again.  I still can hardly see how Harryhausen kept matters straight.  This grind must have been a bonafide mindbender for him to conquer:



Somehow (probably because of the stilted nature of the films' acting and scripting--and I have to wonder what the movies would have been like with Harryhausen as the on-the-ground director), much of his '60s output (including 1964's widescreen H.G. Wells epic First Men in the Moon) failed to find an audience.  But that didn't mean those in the know didn't appreciate his performance.  He went on to be hired as the effects director for London's Hammer Films production of 1966's One Million B.C.--as expected, another dinosaur star project:



In 1969, Harryhausen came up with one of my favorite of his works.  In fact, I would say that this is the movie of his that most dynamically combines competent acting, a fascinating story, a beautiful score by Jerome Moross, and Harryhausen's effects.  It is called The Valley of Gwangi, and it remains perhaps (outside of the midget-driven The Terror of Tiny Town) the rarest of westerns, with dusty cowboys (led by James Franciscus) discovering a forgotten grotto where dinosaurs remain to be lassoed.  For me, this is a movie lover's feast.  You have a miniature horse, a brash ostrich-like dino, a clunky triceratops, and the mammoth Gwangi, who lords over the proceedings like nobody's business.  I rank this, maybe against my better judgement, as among the top 60 westerns ever filmed, and I still think this is the movie they should have (re)made instead of Cowboys Vs. Aliens:



But the box office returns didn't reflect Harryhausen's artistry, and so he remained quiet for a few years (the studios even tried pairing The Valley of Gwangi with the counterculture hit Easy Rider, to no discernible results).  Then, in 1973, Harryhausen returned as the producer of a new round of Sinbad films, starting with The Golden Voyage of Sinbad.  The gloss of the match between the two styles of rich photography was gone with the demise of the glowing 60-era photographic richness, but Harryhausen's command over his puppet's movements remained intact:



By the time 1977's Sinbad and the Eye of the Tiger appeared, it just could not compete with George Lucas' and his Industrial Light and Magic's new vision of what special effects should be (they even revolutionized stop-motion in 1980 with The Empire Strikes Back, for which Harryhausen fan Dennis Muren developed a new process of frame-by-frame animation called Go-Motion, which managed to manipulate the puppetry while the camera was shooting, creating a smoother motion).  Still, Harryhausen's artistry remained apparent, as with a memorable golden minotaur and with this snowy scene starring an angry giant walrus:



The onslaught of special effects advancements (which would not have been possible without his own work) overtook Harryhausen so that his 1981 summer release Clash of the Titans--featuring a giant cast that included Lawrence Olivier, Maggie Smith, Sian Phillips, Usula Andress, Burgess Meredith, Flora Robson, Claire Bloom, and then-newcomer Harry Hamlin--paled in comparison to its competitors.  Still, to this day, "Release the Kraken" is a touchstone quote in the general culture, and that creature honestly  doesn't even compare to his regal, snake-haired Medusa--a character that justifiably stands as his final stroke of wonderment:



With the passing of Ray Harryhausen, I find that there is nothing I can say; I'm truly without words to describe his achievements; i can only imagine the exactitude in his studio, from the 50s to the 80s, and the quiet attention to every single move he made.  But it's all there in his movies.  He was obviously talented beyond belief, and an jock in terms of immersion to detail and lighting.   If only the present-day masters of CGI could garner more from his unique touch...I have to admit, no one out of that large cabal has branded themselves as someone with the wherewithal to infuse their creations with so much verve as Harryhausen was somehow able to do with his own brainchildren.   I think it's wonderful--even if it came way too late--that the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences decided to recognize his achievements with a statuette in 1992.  That seems the very least an industry could do for a man who showed an entire world the way to imagine the unimaginable.   And now, truly tearfully, I say goodbye, and thank you, and rest in peace, to a man who opened a world of fantasy up to us all.


I prefer to work alone and do everything alone, even today. --Ray Harryhausen